Reaction about cinderella man Essay Example

Response about cinderella man Paper Since full execution requires, to some degree, standard and reliable class participation, understudies are relied upon to go to all classes for which they are enlisted. Personnel will set up participation approaches for their courses and convey those arrangements through course prospectuses or plots. Departmental office. Politeness necessitates that understudies address the teacher and ideally present a marked and dated update quickly expressing the explanations behind nonattendance. Employees are liable for tracking participation of all understudies enlisted in each class. Understudies are answerable for finishing any work they have given. The employee isn't required to do additional instructing to assist understudies with making up for lost time. Occasion Observances: The III Department follows and watches all occasions and break periods distinguished by the University all through the scholarly year and are viewed as pardoned nonappearances. These dates can be found ready State site schedule connect. Different observances not distinguished by Ball State, for example, those occasions and observances dependent on social traditions, are not considered by the III division and the University as pardoned nonappearances when understudies decide to stay missing room class at such occasions. We will compose a custom article test on Reaction about cinderella man explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Reaction about cinderella man explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Reaction about cinderella man explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Understudies must follow nonappearance arrangements as they are portrayed in the Course Absence Policy in this prospectus. Note: these arrangements may differ among courses. Scholastic Honesty and Plagiarism: Academic genuineness is exceptionally respected. Scholastic genuineness implies that you are the first creator of your scholarly work and progress. Common, obtained, and duplicated work requires proper evidence through reference strategies so as to be remembered for your own work. You will become familiar with the socially proper composing directions in your III courses so as to keep away from the punishments for scholarly untrustworthiness and copyright infringement. Scholarly deceptive nature: utilizing unapproved helps during tests and different assignments; submitting somebody elses function as your own; incorporates literary theft utilizing anothers word or thoughts without legitimate reference. Copyright infringement: isn't allowed in any class at Ball State University; utilizing anothers word or thoughts without appropriate reference; may bring about No Credit; may bring about being removed from the college; may bring about end of III and Ball State enlistment. Conduct While Taking an Exam The accompanying standards apply when taking any test which incorporates the Final Exam

Difference Between Physical and Chemical Properties

Contrast Between Physical and Chemical Properties Quantifiable attributes of issue might be sorted as either synthetic or physical properties. What is the distinction between a concoction property and a physical property? The appropriate response needs to do withâ chemical and physical changesâ of matter. A Physical Property Aâ physical propertyâ is a part of issue that can be watched or estimated without changing its substance composition. Examples of physical propertiesâ include shading, atomic weight, and volume. A Chemical Property Aâ chemical propertyâ may just be observedâ by changing the chemicalâ identity of a substance. At the end of the day, the best way to watch a substance property is by playing out a synthetic response. This property quantifies the potential for experiencing aâ chemical change. Examples of compound propertiesâ include reactivity, combustibility and oxidation states. Differentiating Physical and Chemical Properties At times it very well may be dubious to know whether a concoction response has happened. For instance, when you dissolve ice into water, you can compose the procedure as far as a synthetic response. In any case, the synthetic equation on the two sides of the response is the equivalent. Since the synthetic personality of the issue being referred to is unaltered, this procedure speaks to a physical change. In this way dissolving point is a physical property. Then again, combustibility is a concoction property of issue on the grounds that the best way to realize how promptly a substance touches off is to consume it. In the synthetic response for burning, the reactants and items are unique. Search for Tell-Tale Signs of a Chemical Change Normally, you dont have the compound response for a procedure. You can search for indications of a compound change. These incorporate gurgling, shading change, temperature change, and precipitation arrangement. On the off chance that you see indications of a compound response, the trademark you are estimating is probably a synthetic property. In the event that these signs are missing, the trademark is most likely a physical property.

The Team Trainer Winning Tools And Tactics For Successful Workouts -

The Team Trainer Winning Tools And Tactics For Successful Workouts - The Team Trainer: Winning Tools And Tactics For Successful Workouts - William I. Gorden â€" Assignment Example > Book Review: The Team Trainer: A walk in the parkDoing business in a fast changing economic environment due to new technology, modern information and communication facilities and globalization necessitate quick response if a business is to prosper. In this context, team approach takes on a new premium. This is the basic theme of Gorden et al’s “The Team Trainer: Winning Tools and Tactics for Successful Workouts. ” The book published by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. in 1996 is a product of multi-disciplinary team effort which according to Gorden is practicing what you preach, that is to learn to play and work together. The authors stress the basic strength of a team. It harnesses the potential of team members to a level of achievement impossible for an individual. The book takes a close look on how a team operates and provides the workouts to develop the knowledge, skill and proper attitude for an effective team. To the authors, the importance of the team spirit in an organizat ion is fundamental not only in operating in a world full of uncertainties but important to the individual person with his/her basic needs to develop his/her potentials to the fullest. The team approach stresses the importance of the human beings making up the organizations. People make things happen and how they behave and treat each other is make the core relationship either a hellish or a meaningful experience. Principles and practiceThe “Team Trainer…” is essentially divided into two parts â€" principles and practice. Numerous cases and examples are used to illustrate how and why team operates. Quotes from respected personalities from the academe and business world are used to stress the arguments for team approach. Using simple language and almost conversational, the authors narrate specific experiences of different organizations from which basic operative principles of a team are illuminated. Thus the experience of Xerox Corporation for example, was used to illustrate t he difference between teams, essentially two types, traditional and transformative. A difference anchored on the degree of involvement and participation in the team effort. Traditional teams tend to be authoritarian, with members compartmentalized in their specialized functions and communication centralized. Transformative teams tend to encourage dialogues and consensus, members perform multi-tasking and communication is both horizontal (between members) and vertical (across the hierarchy). The distinctions are fundamental in how the book was organized around the notion of how a self-directed team works. More substantial, the “The Team Trainer…” provides the tools and workouts or group exercises in creating the proper work environment and the appropriate combination of knowledge, skills and attitude to forge such team. The authors contend that priori in getting the involved participation from members â€" trust and sense of ownership of the organization. Inequities deters form ation of self-driven teams. Perhaps, ownership of the venture is the single limiting factor to team building. Combining principles with case studies is illustrated by accompanying essays providing the context and theoretical framework for each of the team workouts outlined in the book. Such a technique in presenting the book enhances easy comprehension of the ins and outs of team building as a transformative experience.

Are Religious Beliefs and Practices Changing to Reflect a...

Assess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. In the recent years there has been evidence to support that religious activity and religious beliefs are declining in the UK e.g. the rise of new religious movements such as Jehovah’s witnesses (sect), but some sociologists reject this and say that religion isn’t declining it is just changing to fit into a more increasingly changing society. Davie is one of these sociologists; in her view religion is taking a different, more privatised form. She explains this by giving the example of that people no longer go to church because they feel they have to or because it is respectable to do so. She says that although churchgoing†¦show more content†¦the Church and Mosque as well as the growing importance of individual choice in matters of religion e.g. self healing. Hervieu-Là ©ger’s view backs up that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice because of the fact that people are now choosing what to belief in and choosing different parts of different religions to belief in, rather than religiously following the teachings of the bible without question. Lyon describes how globalisation has increased the movements of ideas and beliefs across national boundaries. Due to the central role played by postmodern society by the media and information technology, which saturates us with images and messages from around the globe. These ideas have become disembedded, for example the electronic church and televangelism disembed religion from the real, local churches and relocated it on the internet allowing believers to express their faith without physically attending church. Lyon describes a harvest day crusade held not in church but at Disneyland as an example of how the boundaries between different areas of social life become blurred in postmodern society. As a result religion becomes de- institutionalised, being removed from their original location in the church, they become a cultural resource that individuals can adapt for their own purposes. Also postmodern society involves the growth of consumerism and especially the idea that we now construct our identitiesShow MoreRelatedAssess the View That Religious Beliefs and Practices Are Changing to Reflect a New Era of Diversity and Choice1021 Words   |  5 PagesAssess the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. Current religious beliefs and practices are very different in Britain from 100 years ago. No longer do the masses attend the established church, attendance is down to 6% of the population and the 2001 Census identified 170 distinct religions in Britain. 72% claim to be Christian but less than half of the population believe in God and only 18% claim to be a practicing member of an organisedRead MoreEssay on Diversification within American Organizations5630 Words   |  23 PagesStates has the most diverse and multicultural population ever known to man. The symbolic metaphor â€Å"the melting pot,† strongly states that the major problem organizations face in American society is a diverse personnel with different economical status, beliefs, and cultural background; because of this, operating an organization in American society is a very complex task. For many years, researchers struggled with the concept of finding the perfect organizational structure to meet the need of the employeeRead More The Success of Judaism Essay2122 Words   |  9 Pageshistory by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer or habit. In combination to this, itsRead MoreThe Cultural Experience Of The Biennale Of Sydney2122 Words   |  9 Pages‘If each era posits its own view of reality, what is ours?’ – Stephanie Rosenthal Sydney’s 20th Biennale is entitled The future is already here- it’s just not evenly distributed, where it explores the ideas about technology, virtual reality, science fiction and the ways in which individuals and communities are living in an increasingly digital and technological world. This theme was inspired by an American-Canadian science fiction writer. The artistic director, Stephanie Rosenthal investigatesRead MoreDoes Globalization Diminish Cultural Differences3759 Words   |  16 Pagesweaken cultural diversity or does it foster it? Effects of Globalization in Cultural differentiation 1. Introduction. As some of us may know, the term â€Å"globalize† started being used in the modern times. However globalization as an idea has been brought up since even before the 1500’s when people started forming connections between communities, and therefore creating forms of communication, migration and such between these. And it is probably from these examples that in the modern era we came to callRead MoreReal Self How Others See Me Ideal Self3515 Words   |  15 Pagespotential awaiting to disclose themselves to a new generation of scholars. It follows from the above that I am inclined to see Maslow as a visionary, despite his rather evident mistakes. He seems not to have been afraid of mistakes; that are why much of what he has done can enrich the psychology of today and tomorrow—and not only in humanistic psychology. For since Maslow’s death in 1970, this movement has been so successful in its main mission—changing underlying views on human personality and humanizingRead MoreThe Mystical And Contemplative Tradition Of My Faith And Signed Up For Ignatian Spiritual Direction Training3594 Words   |  15 Pagesquestions about what is church when it seems so difficult for these women to engage with it. Increasingly church is less a part of our culture. Does that make it counter culture? Or is it a subculture for a specific few? Or is it possible that with new ways of â€Å"doing† church it can become cross cultural in a way that engages with the culture of our times? In this essay I will i) Briefly review historical aspects I think are significant in affecting contemporary Christianity. ii) Highlight five themesRead MoreApproaches to Inclusion5803 Words   |  24 Pagesfrom remote and nomadic populations, children from linguistic, ethnic or religious minorities and children from other disadvantaged or marginalised areas or groups. For the purpose of this report, the researcher will use the term ‘Children with Special Educational Needs’ to refer to the above groups. The researcher will provide a critical awareness on how theoretical models have changed ways of thinking about inclusive practice and the implications of this on legislation and policy making. TheRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 Pagesillicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives too little attention in our post-modern world. Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those cultures to exercise a certain moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. As a professional musician for over thirty years I concurRead Morerhetorical analysis of obamas political speeches5660 Words   |  23 Pages1995).The selected corpus ideological and persuasive components are assessed, thus revealing Obamas persuasive strategies. 1. Introduction Politics is a struggle for power in order to put certain political, economic and social ideas into practice. In this process, language plays a crucial role, for every political action is prepared, accompanied, influenced and played by language. This paper analyzes discourse of political speaking, namely the inaugural address of President Barack Obama

Essay about Physician Assisted Suicide - 909 Words

Physician Assisted Suicide 1. A request for assisted Suicide is typically a cry for help. It is in reality a call for counseling, assistance, and positive alternatives as solutions for very real problems. 2. Suicidal Intent is typically transient. Of those who attempt suicide but are stopped, less than 4 percent go on to kill themselves in the next five years; less than 11 percent will commit suicide over the next 35 years. 3.Terminally Ill patients who desire death are depressed and depression is treatable In those with terminal illness. In one study, of the 24 percent of terminally ill patients who desired death, all had clinical depression. 4. Pain is controllable. Modern medicine has the ability to control pain. A person†¦show more content†¦Before beginning, I would like to preface my remarks with one disclaimer. I am currently an Assistant Professor of Medicine, on the faculty at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Additionally, I serve as Medical Director of our in-patient hospice and palliative care unit. Moreover, I serve on the board of our local hospice organization, Hospice of the Piedmont, where I also serve as Associate Medical Director. Though my work with these organizations has greatly enhanced nd deepened my commitment to the care of the terminally ill, I in no way claim to speak for or on behalf of any of the institutions for which I serve. The opinions expressed below and in my written testimony are entirely my own. Ladies and gentlemen of this committee, I am a physician who spends a significant part of his working day caring for terminally ill people and their families. It is work which I find ennobling, enriching, rewarding, and -- unfortunately -- sorely underrepresented in my profession. I come in contact almost daily with desperately ill people, with poorly managed symptoms, turning to our profession for help in their final days and weeks. It is these very patients -- the terminally ill, those in desperate pain, the isolated na marginalized on our society -- whom proponents of assisted-suicide would now have us aid toward what isShow MoreRelatedEssay On Physician Assisted Suicide1549 Words   |  7 PagesWriting Project Worksheet 1. This paper will examine the Washington state policy of physician-assisted suicide. 2. State Info: (characteristics, size, culture, political culture, industries, features, etc. to explain state support of policy) Washington is a state in the northwestern United States with an estimated population of 7,288,000, as of July 1, 2016. Washington’s population is primarily white at 69% (not including Hispanics), with Hispanics comprising 12.4%, Asians 8.6%, and African AmericansRead MoreThe Treatment Of Physician Assisted Suicide1025 Words   |  5 Pagesprecious hour will give the loved ones a time to say goodbye just before they die with dignity in physician assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients have the right to end their own lives using physician assisted suicide (PAS) without repercussions of laws and people with opposing opinions. According to an article from CNN.com, there are currently five states in the U.S. where physician-assisted suicide is currently legal. In order to be eligible legally for PAS the patient must have six months orRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in patients giving up on life, physician-assisted suicide should be legalized in all fifty states for terminally ill patients with worsening or unbearable pain. What is physician-assisted suicide? â€Å"Suicide is the act of taking ones own life. In assisted suicide, the means to end a patient’s life is provided to the patient (i.e. medication or a weapon) with knowledge of the patients intention† (American Nurses Association). Physician-assisted suicide is known by many names such as deathRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide2301 Words   |  10 Pagesend-of-life decisions is â€Å"physician-assisted suicide† (PAS). This method of suicide involves a physician providing a patient, at his or her own request, with a lethal dose of medication, which the patient self-administers. The ethical acceptability and the desirability of legalization of this practice both continue to cause controversy (Raus, Sterckx, Mortier 1). Vaco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg were landmark decisions on the issue of physician-assisted suicide and a supposed ConstitutionalRead MoreThe Ethics Of Physician Assisted Suicide926 Words   |   4 Pagesethics of physician assisted suicide since the late 18th century. According to medicinenet the definition of physician assisted suicide is â€Å"the voluntary termination of one s own life by administrating a lethal substance with the direct assistance of a physician.† This would typically come into play if/when a critically ill patient wants to end their suffering. Confirming with the State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide, 5 states have Paquin 2 Legalized physician assisted suicide. CaliforniaRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesrelentless pain and agony through physician assisted death? Physician-Assisted Suicide PAS is highly contentious because it induces conflict of several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true director of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose? Is suicide a purely individual choice? Having analyzed and even experience the effects of physician assisted suicide, I promote and fully support itsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is A Controversial Topic1929 Words   |  8 PagesOne may have heard of suicide, but not physician-assisted suicide. The two are very different in terms of the act of taking one’s own life. For instance, physician-assisted suicide is done with help from another person, usually a physician; where the doctor is willing to assist with e ither the means of how to take one’s own life or the actual act itself. This can either be by prescribing lethal doses of drugs to these patients who want to take their own life or by counseling these patients onRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1692 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is a controversial subject all around the world. Although it is legal in some countries and states, such as the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon, Montana, Washington, and Vermont it is not yet legal in most (Finlay, 2011). People travel from all around the world to these locations to receive information. Physician-assisted suicide is when terminally ill and mentally capable patients perform the final act themselves after being provided with the required meansRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide1871 Words   |  8 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide should be a legal option, if requested, for terminally ill patients. For deca des the question has been asked and a clear answer has yet to surface. It was formed out of a profound commitment to the idea that personal end-of-life decisions should be made solely between a patient and a physician. Can someones life be put into an answer? Shouldnt someones decision in life be just that; their decision? When someone has suffered from a car accident, or battled long enoughRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looks

Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Seven Free Essays

string(33) " needs someone to speak for her\." WALKING INTO THE COURTROOM was one of the most surreal experiences of my life–and not just because I was the one being accused here. It just kept reminding me of Victor’s trial, and the idea that I was now in his place was almost too weird to comprehend. Entering a room with a troop of guardians makes people stare–and believe me, there were a lot of people packed in there–so naturally, I didn’t skulk or look ashamed. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now I walked with confidence, my head held high. Again, I had that eerie flashback to Victor. He too had walked in defiantly, and I’d been appalled that someone who had committed his crimes could behave that way. Were these people thinking the same thing about me? On the dais at the front of the room sat a woman I didn’t recognize. Among the Moroi, a judge was usually a lawyer who had been appointed to the position for the purposes of the hearing or whatever. The trial itself–at least a big one like Victor’s–had been presided over by the queen. She had been the one to ultimately decide the final verdict. Here, the Council members would be the ones to decide if I even reached that stage. The trial makes it official. That’s where they pass the verdict and dole out the punishment. My escort took me to the front seating of the room, past the bar that separated the key players from the audience, and motioned me toward a spot next to a middle-aged Moroi in a very formal and very designer black suit. The suit screamed, I’m sorry the queen is dead, and I’m going to look fashionable while showing my grief. His hair was a pale blond, lightly laced with the first signs of silver. Somehow, he made it look good. I presumed this was Damon Tarus, my lawyer, but he didn’t say a word to me. Mikhail sat beside me as well, and I was glad they’d chosen him to be the one who literally didn’t leave my side. Glancing back, I saw Daniella and Nathan Ivashkov sitting with other high-ranking royals and their families. Adrian had chosen not to join them. He sat farther back, with Lissa, Christian, and Eddie. All of their faces were filled with worry. The judge–an elderly, gray-haired Moroi who looked like she could still kick ass–called the room to attention, and I twisted around to face forward again. The Council was entering, and she announced them one by one. Two sets of benches had been arranged for them, two rows of six with a thirteenth in back raised. Of course, only eleven of the spots were filled, and I tried not to scowl. Lissa should have been sitting there. When the Council was settled, the judge turned to face the rest of us and spoke in a voice that rang through the room. â€Å"This hearing is now in order, in which we will determine whether there is enough evidence to–â€Å" A commotion at the door cut her off, and the audience craned their necks to see what was going on. â€Å"What’s this disturbance about?† the judge demanded. One of the guardians had the door partially open and was leaning out, apparently speaking to whoever was in the hall. He ducked back into the room. â€Å"The accused’s lawyer is here, Your Honor.† The judge glanced at Damon and me and then delivered a frown to the guardian. â€Å"She already has a lawyer.† The guardian shrugged and appeared comically helpless. If there had been a Strigoi out there, he would have known what to do. This bizarre interruption of protocol was beyond his skill set. The judge sighed. â€Å"Fine. Send whoever it is up here and let’s get this settled.† Abe walked in. â€Å"Oh dear lord,† I said out loud. I didn’t have to scold myself for speaking out of turn because a hum of conversation immediately filled the room. My guess was that half were in awe because they knew Abe and his reputation. The other half were probably just stunned by his appearance. He wore a gray cashmere suit, considerably lighter than Damon’s grim black. Underneath it was a dress shirt that was so bright a white, it seemed to glow–particularly next to the brilliant crimson silk tie he wore. Other spots of red were scattered about his outfit–a handkerchief in the pocket, ruby cuff links. Naturally, it was all as perfectly tailored and expensive as Damon’s outfit. But Abe didn’t look like he was in mourning. He didn’t even look like he was coming to a trial. It was more like he’d been interrupted on his way to a party. And of course, he sported his usual gold hoop earrings and trimmed black beard. The judge silenced the room with a hand motion as he strutted up to her. â€Å"Ibrahim Mazur,† she said, with a shake of her head. There were equal parts amazement and disapproval in her voice. â€Å"This is†¦ unexpected.† Abe swept her a gallant bow. â€Å"It’s lovely to see you again, Paula. You haven’t aged a day.† â€Å"We aren’t at a country club, Mr. Mazur,† she informed him. â€Å"And while here, you will address me by my proper title.† â€Å"Ah. Right.† He winked. â€Å"My apologies, Your Honor.† Turning, he glanced around until his eyes rested on me. â€Å"There she is. Sorry to have delayed this. Let’s get started.† Damon stood up. â€Å"What is this? Who are you? I’m her lawyer.† Abe shook his head. â€Å"There must have been some mistake. It took me a while to get a flight here, so I can see why you would have appointed a community lawyer to fill in.† â€Å"Community lawyer!† Damon’s face grew red with indignation. â€Å"I’m one of the most renowned lawyers among American Moroi.† â€Å"Renowned, community.† Abe shrugged and leaned back on his heals. â€Å"I don’t judge. No pun intended.† â€Å"Mr. Mazur,† interrupted the judge, â€Å"are you a lawyer?† â€Å"I’m a lot of things, Paula–Your Honor. Besides, does it matter? She only needs someone to speak for her. You read "Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Seven" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"And she has someone,† exclaimed Damon. â€Å"Me.† â€Å"Not anymore,† said Abe, his demeanor still very pleasant. He had never stopped smiling, but I thought I saw that dangerous glint in his eyes that frightened so many of his enemies. He was the picture of calm, while Damon looked like he was ready to have a seizure. â€Å"Your Honor–â€Å" â€Å"Enough!† she said in that resounding voice of hers. â€Å"Let the girl choose.† She fixed her brown eyes on me. â€Å"Who do you want to speak for you?† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My mouth dropped open at how abruptly the attention shifted to me. I’d been watching the drama between the two men like a tennis match, and now the ball had hit me in the head. â€Å"Rose.† Startled, I turned slightly. Daniella Ivashkov had crept over in the row behind me. â€Å"Rose,† she whispered again, â€Å"you have no idea who that Mazur man is.† Oh, didn’t I? â€Å"You want nothing to do with him. Damon’s the best. He’s not easy to get.† She moved back to her seat, and I looked between my two potential lawyers’ faces. I understood Daniella’s meaning. Adrian had talked her into getting Damon for me, and then she had talked Damon into actually doing it. Rejecting him would be an insult to her, and considering she was one of the few royal Moroi who’d been nice to me about Adrian, I certainly didn’t want to earn her dislike. Besides, if this was some setup by royals, having one of them on my side was probably my best chance at getting off. And yet†¦ there was Abe, looking at me with that clever smile of his. He was certainly very good at getting his way, but a lot of that was by force of his presence and reputation. If there really was some absurd evidence against me, Abe’s attitude wouldn’t be enough to make it go away. Of course, he was sly, too. The serpent. He could make the impossible happen; he’d certainly pulled a lot of strings for me. That did not, however, change the fact that he wasn’t a lawyer. On the other hand, he was my father. He was my father, and although we still barely knew each other, he’d gone to great lengths to get here and saunter in with his gray suit to defend me. Was it fatherly love gone bad? Was he really all that good a lawyer? And at the end of the day, was it true that blood ran thicker than water? I didn’t know. I actually didn’t like that saying. Maybe it worked for humans, but it made no sense with vampires. Anyway, Abe was staring at me intently with dark brown eyes nearly identical to mine. Trust me, he seemed to say. But could I? Could I trust my family? I would have trusted my mother if she were here–and I knew she trusted Abe. I sighed and gestured toward him. â€Å"I’ll take him.† In an undertone, I added, â€Å"Don’t let me down, Zmey.† Abe’s smile grew broader as shocked exclamations filled the audience, and Damon protested in outrage. Daniella might have had to persuade him to take me on in the beginning, but now this case had become a matter of pride for him. His reputation had just been sullied by me passing him up. But I’d made my choice, and the exasperated judge would hear no more arguments about it. She shooed Damon away, and Abe slid into his seat. The judge began with the standard opening speech, explaining why we were here, etc., etc. As she spoke, I leaned toward Abe. â€Å"What have you gotten me into?† I hissed to him. â€Å"Me? What have you gotten yourself into? Couldn’t I have just picked you up at the police station for underage drinking, like most fathers?† I was beginning to understand why people got irritated when I made jokes in dangerous situations. â€Å"My fucking future’s on the line! They’re going to send me to trial and convict me!† Every trace of humor or cheer vanished from his face. His expression grew hard, deadly serious. A chill ran down my spine. â€Å"That,† he said in a low, flat voice, â€Å"is something I swear to you is never, ever going to happen.† The judge turned her attention back to us and the prosecuting lawyer, a woman called Iris Kane. Not a royal name, but she still looked pretty hard-core. Maybe that was just a lawyer thing. Before the evidence against me was laid out, the queen’s murder was also described in all its grisly detail. How’d she’d been found this morning in bed, a silver stake through her heart and a profound look of horror and shock on her face. Blood had been everywhere: on her nightgown, the sheets, her skin†¦ The pictures were shown to everyone in the room, triggering a variety of reactions. Gasps of surprise. More fear and panic. And some†¦ some people wept. Some of those tears were undoubtedly because of the whole terrible situation, but I think many cried because they’d loved or liked Tatiana. She’d been cold and stiff at times, but for the most part, her reign had been a peaceful and just one. After the pictures, they called me up. The hearing didn’t run the way a normal trial did. There was no formal switching back of lawyers as they questioned witnesses. They each just sort of stood there and took turns asking questions while the judge kept order. â€Å"Miss Hathaway,† began Iris, dropping my title. â€Å"What time did you return to your room last night?† â€Å"I don’t know the exact time†¦.† I focused on her and Abe, not the sea of faces out there. â€Å"Somewhere around 5 a.m., I think. Maybe 6.† â€Å"Was anyone with you?† â€Å"No, well–yes. Later.† Oh, God. Here it comes. â€Å"Um, Adrian Ivashkov visited me.† â€Å"What time did he arrive?† asked Abe. â€Å"I’m not sure of that either. A few hours after I got back, I guess.† Abe turned his charming smile on Iris, who was rustling through some papers. â€Å"The queen’s murder has been pretty accurately narrowed down to between seven and eight. Rose wasn’t alone–of course, we would need Mr. Ivashkov to testify to that effect.† My eyes flicked briefly to the audience. Daniella looked pale. This was her nightmare: Adrian getting involved. Glancing farther over, I saw that Adrian himself seemed eerily calm. I really hoped he wasn’t drunk. Iris held up a sheet of paper triumphantly. â€Å"We have a signed statement from a janitor who says Mr. Ivashkov arrived at the defendant’s building at approximately nine twenty.† â€Å"That’s pretty specific,† said Abe. He sounded amused, like she’d said something cute. â€Å"Do you have any desk staff to confirm that?† â€Å"No,† Iris said icily. â€Å"But this is enough. The janitor remembers because he was about to take his break. Miss Hathaway was alone when the murder took place. She has no alibi.† â€Å"Well,† said Abe, â€Å"at least according to some questionable ‘facts.'† But no more was said about the time. The evidence was admitted into the official records, and I took a deep breath. I hadn’t liked that line of questioning, but it had been expected, based on the earlier conversations I’d heard via Lissa. The no-alibi thing wasn’t good, but I kind of shared Abe’s vibe. What they had so far still didn’t seem strong enough to send me to trial. Plus, they hadn’t asked anything else about Adrian, which left him out of this. â€Å"Next exhibit,† said Iris. There was smug triumph all over her face. She knew the time thing was sketchy, but whatever was coming up, she thought it was gold. But actually, it was silver. A silver stake. So help me, she had a silver stake in a clear plastic container. It gleamed in the incandescent lighting–except for its tip. That was dark. With blood. â€Å"This is the stake used to kill the queen,† declared Iris. â€Å"Miss Hathaway’s stake.† Abe actually laughed. â€Å"Oh, come on. Guardians are issued stakes all the time. They have an enormous, identical supply.† Iris ignored him and looked at me. â€Å"Where is your stake right now?† I frowned. â€Å"In my room.† She turned and glanced out over the crowd. â€Å"Guardian Stone?† A tall dhampir with a bushy black mustache rose from the crowd. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"You conducted the search of Miss Hathaway’s room and belongings, correct?† I gaped in outrage. â€Å"You searched my–â€Å" A sharp look from Abe silenced me. â€Å"Correct,† said the guardian. â€Å"And did you find any silver stakes?† asked Iris. â€Å"No.† She turned back to us, still smug, but Abe seemed to find this new information even more ridiculous than the last batch. â€Å"That proves nothing. She could have lost the stake without realizing it.† â€Å"Lost it in the queen’s heart?† â€Å"Miss Kane,† warned the judge. â€Å"My apologies, Your Honor,† said Iris smoothly. She turned to me. â€Å"Miss Hathaway, is there anything special about your stake? Anything that would distinguish it from others?† â€Å"Y-yes.† â€Å"Can you describe that?† I swallowed. I had a bad feeling about this. â€Å"It has a pattern etched near the top. A kind of geometric design.† Guardians had engraving done sometimes. I’d found this stake in Siberia and kept it. Well, actually, Dimitri had sent it to me after it had come loose from his chest. Iris walked over to the Council and held out the container so that each of them could examine it. Returning to me, she gave me my turn. â€Å"Is this your pattern? Your stake?† I stared. It was indeed. My mouth opened, ready to say yes, but then I caught Abe’s eye. Clearly, he couldn’t talk directly to me, but he sent a lot of messages in that gaze. The biggest one was to be careful, be sly. What would a slippery person like Abe do? â€Å"It†¦ it looks similar to the design on mine,† I said at last. â€Å"But I can’t say for sure if it’s the exact same one.† Abe’s smile told me I’d answered correctly. â€Å"Of course you can’t,† Iris said, as though she’d expected no better. She handed off the container to one of the court clerks. â€Å"But now that the Council has seen that the design matches her description and is almost like her stake, I would like to point out that testing has revealed†Ã¢â‚¬â€œshe held up more papers, victory all over her face–â€Å"that her fingerprints are on it.† There, it was. The big score. The â€Å"hard evidence.† â€Å"Any other fingerprints?† asked the judge. â€Å"No, Your Honor. Just hers.† â€Å"That means nothing,† said Abe with a shrug. I had a feeling that if I stood and suddenly confessed to the murder, he would still claim it was dubious evidence. â€Å"Someone steals her stake and wears gloves. Her fingerprints would be on it because it’s hers.† â€Å"That’s getting kind of convoluted, don’t you think?† asked Iris. â€Å"The evidence is still full of holes,† he protested. â€Å"That’s what’s convoluted. How could she have gotten into the queen’s bedroom? How could she have gotten through the guards?† â€Å"Well,† mused Iris, â€Å"those would be questions best explored in trial, but considering Miss Hathaway’s extensive record of breaking into and out of places, as well as the countless other disciplinary marks she has, I don’t doubt she could have found any number of ways to get inside.† â€Å"You have no proof,† said Abe. â€Å"No theory.† â€Å"We don’t need it,† said Iris. â€Å"Not at this point. We have more than enough to go to trial, don’t we? I mean, we haven’t even gotten to the part where countless witnesses heard Miss Hathaway tell the queen she’d regret establishing the recent guardian law. I can find the transcript if you like–not to mention reports of other ‘expressive’ commentary Miss Hathaway made in public.† A memory came back to me, of standing outside with Daniella while I ranted–with others watching–about how the queen couldn’t buy me off with an assignment. Not a good decision on my part. Neither was busting in on the Death Watch or complaining about the queen being worth protecting when Lissa had been captured. I’d given Iris a lot of material. â€Å"Oh yes,† Iris continued. â€Å"We also have accounts of the queen declaring her extreme disapproval of Miss Hathaway’s involvement with Adrian Ivashkov, particularly when the two ran off to elope.† I opened my mouth at that, but Abe silenced me. â€Å"There are countless other records of Her Majesty and Miss Hathaway sparring in public. Would you like me to find those papers too, or are we able to vote on a trial now?† This was directed at the judge. I had no legal background, but the evidence was pretty damning. I would have said that there was definitely reason to consider me a murder suspect, except†¦ â€Å"Your Honor?† I asked. I think she’d been about to give her declaration. â€Å"Can I say something?† The judge thought about it, then shrugged. â€Å"I see no reason not to. We’re collecting all the evidence there is.† Oh, me freelancing was not in Abe’s plan at all. He strode to the stand, hoping to stop me with his wise counsel, but he wasn’t fast enough. â€Å"Okay,† I said, hoping I sounded reasonable and wasn’t going to lose my temper. â€Å"You’ve put up a lot of suspicious stuff here. I can see that.† Abe looked pained. It was not an expression I’d seen on him before. He didn’t lose control of situations very often. â€Å"But that’s the thing. It’s too suspicious. If I were going to murder someone, I wouldn’t be that stupid. Do you think I’d leave my stake stuck in her chest? Do you think I wouldn’t wear gloves? Come on. That’s insulting. If I’m as crafty as you claim my record says I am, then why would I do it this way? I mean, seriously? If I did it, it’d be a lot better. You’d never even peg me as a suspect. This is all really kind of an insult to my intelligence.† â€Å"Rose–† began Abe, a dangerous note in his tone. I kept going. â€Å"All this evidence you’ve got is so painfully obvious. Hell, whoever set this up might as well have painted an arrow straight to me–and someone did set me up, but you guys are too stupid to even consider that.† The volume of my voice was rising, and I consciously brought it back to normal levels. â€Å"You want an easy answer. A quick answer. And you especially want someone with no connections, no powerful family to protect them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hesitated there, unsure how to classify Abe. â€Å"Because that’s how it always is. That’s how it was with that age law. No one was able to stand up for the dhampirs either because this goddamned system won’t allow it.† It occurred to me then that I had strayed pretty far off the subject–and was making myself look more guilty by slamming the age law. I reined myself back in. â€Å"Um, anyway, Your Honor†¦ what I’m trying to say is that this evidence shouldn’t be enough to accuse me or send me to trial. I wouldn’t plan a murder this badly.† â€Å"Thank you, Miss Hathaway,† said the judge. â€Å"That was very†¦ informative. You may take your seat now while the Council votes.† Abe and I returned to our bench. â€Å"What in the world were you thinking?† he whispered. â€Å"I was telling it like it is. I was defending myself.† â€Å"I wouldn’t go that far. You’re no lawyer.† I gave him a sidelong look. â€Å"Neither are you, old man.† The judge asked the Council to vote on whether they believed there was enough evidence to make me a viable suspect and send me to trial. They did. Eleven hands went up. Just like that, it was over. Through the bond, I felt Lissa’s alarm. As Abe and I rose to leave, I looked out in the audience, which was starting to disband and buzzing with talk over what would happen now. Her light green eyes were wide, her face unusually pale. Beside her, Adrian too looked distressed, but as he stared at me, I could see love and determination radiating. And in the back, behind both of them†¦ Dimitri. I hadn’t even known he was here. His eyes were on me too, dark and endless. Only I couldn’t read what he was feeling. His face betrayed nothing, but there was something in his eyes†¦ something intense and intimidating. The image of him ready to take down that group of guardians flashed through my mind, and something told me that if I asked, he would do it again. He would fight his way to me through this courtroom and do everything in his power to rescue me from it. A brushing of my hand distracted me from him. Abe and I had started to exit, but the aisle ahead of us was packed with people, bringing us to a halt. The touch against my hand was a small piece of paper shoved between my fingers. Glancing over, I saw Ambrose was sitting near the aisle, staring straight ahead. I wanted to ask what was going on, but some instinct kept me silent. Seeing as the line still wasn’t moving, I hastily opened the paper, keeping it out of Abe’s sight. The paper was tiny, its elegant cursive almost impossible to read. Rose, If you’re reading this, then something terrible has happened. You probably hate me, and I don’t blame you. I can only ask that you trust that what I did with the age decree was better for your people than what others had planned. There are some Moroi who want to force all dhampirs into service, whether they want it or not, by using compulsion. The age decree has slowed that faction down. However, I write to you with a secret you must put right, and it is a secret you must share with as few as possible. Vasilisa needs her spot on the Council, and it can be done. She is not the last Dragomir. Another lives, the illegitimate child of Eric Dragomir. I know nothing else, but if you can find this son or daughter, you will give Vasilisa the power she deserves. No matter your faults and dangerous temperament, you are the only one I feel can take on this task. Waste no time in fulfilling it. –Tatiana Ivashkov I stared at the piece of paper, its writing swirling before me, but its message burning into my mind. She is not the last Dragomir. Another lives. If that was true, if Lissa had a half-brother or half-sister†¦ it would change everything. She would get a vote on the Council. She would no longer be alone. If it was true. If this was from Tatiana. Anyone could sign her name to a piece of paper. It didn’t make it real. Still, I shivered, troubled at the thought of getting a letter from a dead woman. If I allowed myself to see the ghosts around us, would Tatiana be there, restless and vengeful? I couldn’t bring myself to let down my walls and look. Not yet. There had to be other answers. Ambrose had given me the note. I needed to ask him†¦ except we were moving down the aisle again. A guardian nudged me along. â€Å"What’s that?† asked Abe, always alert and suspicious. I hastily folded the note back up. â€Å"Nothing.† The look he gave me told me he didn’t believe that at all. I wondered if I should tell him. It is a secret you must share with as few as possible. If he was one of the few, this wasn’t the place. I tried to distract him from it and shake the dumbstruck look that must have been on my face. This note was a big problem–but not quite as big as the one immediately facing me. â€Å"You told me I wouldn’t go to trial,† I said to Abe. My earlier annoyance returned. â€Å"I took a big chance with you!† â€Å"It wasn’t a big chance. Tarus couldn’t have got you out of this either.† Abe’s easy attitude about all this infuriated me further. â€Å"Are you saying you knew this hearing was a lost cause from the beginning?† It was what Mikhail had said too. How nice to have such faith from everyone. â€Å"This hearing wasn’t important,† Abe said evasively. â€Å"What happens next is.† â€Å"And what is that exactly?† He gave me that dark, sly gaze again. â€Å"Nothing you need to worry about yet.† One of the guardians put his hand on my arm, telling me I needed to move. I resisted his pull and leaned toward Abe. â€Å"The hell I don’t! This is my life we’re talking about,† I exclaimed. I knew what would come next. Imprisonment until the trial. And then more imprisonment if I was convicted. â€Å"This is serious! I don’t want to go to trial! I don’t want to spend the rest of my life in a place like Tarasov.† The guard tugged harder, pushing us forward, and Abe fixed me with a piercing gaze that made my blood run cold. â€Å"You will not go to trial. You will not go to prison,† he hissed, out of the guards’ hearing. â€Å"I won’t allow it. Do you understand?† I shook my head, confused over so much and not knowing what to do about any of it. â€Å"Even you have your limits, old man.† His smile returned. â€Å"You’d be surprised. Besides, they don’t even send royal traitors to prison, Rose. Everyone knows that.† I scoffed. â€Å"Are you insane? Of course they do. What else do you think they do with traitors? Set them free and tell them not to do it again?† â€Å"No,† said Abe, just before he turned away. â€Å"They execute traitors.† Many thanks to all the friends and family who have lent their considerable support to me as I worked on this, especially my amazing and patient husband. I know I couldn’t get through this without you! Special thanks also to my pal Jen Ligot and her eagle eyes. On the publishing side, I’m always grateful for the hard work of my agent Jim McCarthy, as well as everyone else at Dystel Goderich Literary Management–including Lauren Abramo, who helps spread Vampire Academy around the world. Thank you also to the gang at Penguin Books–Jessica Rothenberg, Ben Schrank, Casey McIntyre, and so many others–who work a lot of magic for this series. My publishers outside the U.S. are also doing wonderful things for getting the word out about Rose, and I’m constantly amazed to see the growing international response. Thank you so much for all you do. A last shout-out to my readers, whose continued enthusiasm still overwhelms me. Thank you for reading and loving these characters as much as I do. How to cite Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Seven, Essay examples

Accounting Theory The Reporting Process

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory for The Reporting Process. Answer: Part A Issue Financial statement presentation Reducing complexity in Reporting financial statements The main that is involved with the financial statements is the reporting process. This has been stated by auditors and various users of financial statements. Therefore, it has been urged by many to the US financial accounting board and IASB to generate new standards of financial reporting that will help in reducing the complexity and will strive toward principle based approach. The discussion stretches to the main cause of complexity in terms of reporting the financial instruments. The discussion is even followed by the long term approaches that aim to eliminate the complexity. The main issue is the associated rules that are complex in nature and are used to evaluate the financial instruments[1]. There are innumerable possibilities that put the users and prepares in difficulty. It becomes difficult to understand which study should be considered. This discussion will undertake various approaches that will help in reducing the problem. The possible intermediate steps that can be taken to reduce the complexity involve several steps. The approaches that can be taken in this regard is to replace the standards that are existing with the fair value measurement principle and to have some exceptions that are optional in nature. Secondly, the measurement requirements can be amended that is the number of categories of the financial instruments can be reduced[2]. Moreover, hedge accounting can be simplified that will lead to a better understanding. All the three approaches can be taken into consideration or a combination can be used for an optimum result. This project is being undertaken to achieve a long-term solution that will help in eliminating the complexity. Long term solution is highly needed that will evaluate all kind of financial instruments that will further establish standard for financial statements[3]. In this manner many rules that are associated with financial instruments can be eliminated. This will lead to a measurement attribute that is useful for every financial instrument and will enable smooth comparison between the entities and the accounting period. Fair value can be treated as the best measurement attribute that leads to all kind of information for the financial instruments. In reality, fair value is an apt example of current value. IASB has undertaken various projects that produce general principles in determination of the fair value. The concerns that are addressed through the discussion are earnings volatility, presentation of gains and losses that are unrealized in nature. Further the study is undertaken to give effect to the class of financial instruments. It is difficult to ascertain the class of financial instruments[4]. This project is undertaken so that it comes to the forefront that there are various classification and it needs to be noted that which financial instruments should be treated a s equity, which instruments should be derecognized, etc. The discussion stress that the measurement requirements of various types should be eliminated that will provide a better exposure and will not be complex in nature. Issue - Fair value measurement Accounting is considered as an important tool in business that helps the entity to assess the assets and settles the monetary factor that includes the aspect concerned with the real value of the assets. The main issue that crops is the fact that there are various accounting properties that helps in delivering the best result. However, the presence of different methods puts the users in a fix. The most popular of them all is the fair value. The method is defined as an essential prospect of the business. The main difficulty that is involved with the method is the value reversal. There are various challenges that arrive when the measurement is used like the market condition. When the market is uncertain, a huge volatility exists. The value of the assets and liabilities fluctuates. Hence, utilization of the fair value might lead to revaluation of the assets and liabilities. Large swings are noted that do not go in the good books of the user. When the market strengthens or pacifies then t he value return to the original form indicating that the fair value has flaws when it comes to fluctuation of the market[5]. Moreover, the use of fair value measurement might impact the down market in a negative manner. When the asset is revalued in a down market, the revaluation might lead to a huge selling pressure. Without fair value measurement, companies do not indulge in selling the assets. Therefore, it is an important factor when it comes to assets and its valuation. It is important to eliminate the deficiency so that the companies do not suffer from such a limitation. The main motive of the discussion lies in the fact that fair value comprise of many citations and the modern market or business is present with different practices. The various parameters like values of depreciation and market value are unable to provide a credible amount into the computation of fair value. The values are computed on the growth prospect and financial risk assessment. The complex situation of the market and various other parameters has made the accounting insignificant. However, the existence of values is still present in accounting as a coefficient value. The fair value measurement is influence by the external value and hence, it is not completely correct in all respect. In the present scenario there has been a question on the transparency point of the measurement and hence subjected to innumerable controversies. This project is undertaken to shed light on the inefficiency of the fair value measurement. There are certain sections that are effectively dealt by the mea surement but certain assessments are not complete in the scope. An apt example that can be cited in this regard is the premium and discount[6]. Therefore, the discussion clearly states that the inefficiencies of the fair value must be effectively dealt with the help of new standards. It is important that the regulators must consider the proposal and seek to address the point that has inefficiency. Case Study 2 A Steward can be explained as the person that acts on the employers behalf. When it comes to local authorities they are stated as the government representative and needs to state that the assets held by the government are maintained in an effective manner and custody is strong. It is a fact that the major emphasis of IFRS is on the fair value, the ascertainment of the assets as per fair value projects the steward efficiency. Beyond question, IFRS is based on the concept of disclosure and hence, relevant in areas like accounting of lease, derivatives and schemes of PFI. The need of lease accounting under the old system was based on classification as operating or financial lease was based on scenario, but IFRS is not based on it. The theory of embedded derivative is needed when the agencies of the government need to test the financial instrument definition and then ascertain if a separate accounting is required depending on the fair value of the derivative. In link to the scheme of PFI , the original contract and the financial model needs to be ascertained. The gap between the land and building and various other disclosures needs to be done. Hence, it is evident from this that the need of recognition is stringent in nature followed by the measurement and disclosure concept. The financial scenario when the developments of the historical standard were done was completely apart from the scenario in the current scenario and hence the IFRS implementation needs immense effort and thereby subjected to huge variations. Considering such arguments, it can be commented that IFRS does not consider stewardship. IFRS is designed for the corporate sector that has huge class of investors who are needed to take decisions for buying and selling, etc. There are many factors that does not make it meaningful. At times it is seen that there is no presence of investors in the local authority because they do not give return and not displayed for sale. The financial statement users are no t present and the main uses are for academic or informational needs. The decision making by the local authorities is not linked to the financial statements. Hence, for the mentioned reasons, it can be said that IFRS cannot be the best resource for the local authorities. In reality, IFRS was floated by IASB and implemented in the listed companies. Secondly, it was done in the secondary market. Further this, there was no other place and hence IFRS was implemented in the local authorities[7]. Hence, considering the discussion above I am satisfied with the statement that IFRS is correct in its stand and provides an equal treatment whether it is corporate or a local authority. Even after the IFRS implementation, the local authorities will not find a great improvement. The comparability of financial statements does not take a strong stand in the case of local authorities. Hence, it can be said that it is inviting for a disaster in the coming scenario. 4. many authors opine that IASB does not work in the interest of the public and therefore, a private tool that is promoted for the advantage of the Big 4. This statement reflects that the accounting forms are using the measure for their private interest and duping innumerable corporations that are using their services. Many authors have claimed the fact that IASB has provided advantage to small accounting firms however, it aided the big four firms in their accomplishment. In fact, IASB i composed of fifteen members that projects nine different countries and includes country like US, India, etc. A unity between the IASB and FASB was witnessed in 2002 with an aim to merge the knowledge and develop a set of accounting practices that are of high value. This is the main reason that goes in favour of the fact that IASB and Big 4 firms are the main player in the enhancement of the IFRS[8]. Beyond question, the Big 4 firms have a strong edge when it comes to the resources, skills, diversific ation, etc. IASB states that useful information as that needed by the investors to ascertain if shares should be buying or sold. It does not play any role in financial reporting. Hence, when it comes to UK, the entire focus of IFRS shifted from GAAP that was based on reporting of profit. It cannot be said to be a small concern because GAAP of UK was based on accrual system so that there is a match between transactions and helps in knowing what happened amidst a period. Moreover, in this procedure balance sheet is a strategy that is residual in nature. Hence, the GAAP was based on financial ability, stewardship and actions. On the contrary, IFRS is measurement of value at a point of time and differentiating it with another period[9]. Therefore, it can be commented that balance sheet is predominant while profit ad loss account is secondary in nature. In a different manner, it can be said that IFRS gives due emphasis to the investors that are selected to be the main users of the accounting and as n o one have the will to invest in local authorities, the investors considered by IFRS are not present in the local authorities[10]. Therefore, IASB does not work in public interest and used as a medium for a financial disaster. Therefore, it brings more problems as compared to the solutions. Going by the very happening, it was decided that an alteration will be done in tune to the principles of IFRS[11]. Moreover, the IFRS implementation in India is postponed owing to huge changes in the companies Act, SEBI and FEMA. It completely depends upon the action and the manner in which the standard will be implemented in other countries. In short, there must be other nations that pay attention to the implication and ensure its implementation. Hence, the laws of the host country needs to be altered to attain a better implementation. 5. IFRS undoubtedly assumes a place of special importance and going by the benefits and pace it can be said that the implementation is essential in every country. Going by this fact, it can be said that adoption in IFRS is essential. Accounting standards undergoes immense change with the due passage of time. Changes happens so that the stakeholders are able to get proper set of information and hence, the decision making process is smooth. IFRS standard are endowed with innumerable and adoption of it will lead to a better external environment[12]. Adopting the IFRS system will bring immense advantages to the country (Australia) in terms of transparency and manner of reporting. This will disclose the information to the stakeholders in an effective manner and hence, will bring a greater result. Moreover, the policies will be standard in form and uniform in nature thereby facilitating an enhanced level of practice. The accounting system will be vastly influenced and a better progress wil l be witnessed. Reconciliation on a retrospective basis will prove to be of great help and this will match the company in its performance. It is one of the unique feature of IFRS that will bring additional benefits. The implementation of IFRS is endowed with ample advantages and hence going by this fact, Australia must implement IFRS. The information will be projected in a better fashion and will help in attracting the investors. This will lead to an overall positive advantage for the company. On the contrary cross border holding will be enhanced in the presence of such a standard. The processing cost of information will reduce thereby enabling a strong goodwill of the companies. This will create a balance and harmony that will attract the foreign funds[13]. The resources will be utilized to the optimum level. Moreover, it has been noted that when IFRS is implemented a strong change is seen in allocation, as well as ownership. Further, the comparison will be uniform in nature and an y chances of deviation will be eliminated. The implementation of IFRS will bring positive impact to the ASX too. The ASX will benefit in terms of foreign direct investment. One of the major positive point for IFRS is the pooling of capital and providing strength to the organization. Hence, it can be seen that the benefit of the IFRS is manifold and Australia is bound to get a strong support from the IFRS implementation. Teh overall economy will undergo immense change when the implementation of IFRS is done. Further, the protection of the investors is one of the major factors that need to be taken into consideration by any country and this is what IFRS is capable of. The benefits will persist in the economy for a longer time frame and hence, Australia must implement IFRS to avail numerous benefits[14]. Going by the above discussion it is clear that the IFRS standard is a vital requirement for progress and therefore should be adopted by the authorities of Australia. References Albrecht, Steve., Stice, Earl Stice, James, Financial accounting (Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western, 2011) Brealey, Richard, Myers, Stewart, Principles of corporate finance (New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2011). Christensen, John, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, 20(1), 2011, 41-51 Davies, Tony and Crawford, Ian , Financial accounting (Harlow, England: Pearson, 2011) Geoff, Meeks Peter Swann, Accounting standards and the economics of standards, Accounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum, 39(3), 2009, 23-44 Gordon, Lawrence A., Loeb, Martin.., Zhu, Wenjie, The impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(4), 2012, 374-398. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Kaplan, R.S 2011, Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice, The Accounting Review, vol. 86, no.2, pp. 367383. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Maria, Wieczynska, The Big Consequences of IFRS: How and When Does the Adoption of IFRS Benefit Global Accounting Firms?, The Accounting Review, 91(4), 2016, 1257-1283 Wayne R. Landsman,Edward L. MaydewandJacob R. Thornock, The information content of annual earnings announcements and mandatory adoption of IFRS, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(2), 2011, 34-54.

Great Western Bank free essay sample

Great Western Bank never mentioned to Data Max to give them a discount, but still Data Max offered them 2% discount by shipping through a different carrier. Great Western Bank was also at fault because it did not check the invoice properly and it seems that they ignored the shipping details stated on the invoice. They went ahead and paid the invoice before receiving the machines to get 2% discount. Another fact related to this case is that the goods were sold to Great Western Bank F. O. B. Cincinnati. This means that the title transfers to the buyer when the goods are loaded on the truck and the buyer pays for the shipping too. So, if the goods are lost or damaged in transit then it is not Data Max’s responsibility. Since, the title was passed on to Great Western Bank; Data Max suggested the bank to deal with the carrier and to file a claim with the carrier for the damaged machines. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Western Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another fact which cannot be ignored is that Data Max shipped the machines through a different carrier than what was designated by the bank. III. ANALYSIS OF THE FACTS: Data Max was a fault for not shipping the accounting machines through the designated carrier (Yellow Freight). It was made clear by the Great Western Bank purchasing agent that they want Yellow Freight as the carrier. Data Max also acknowledged the terms and conditions and returned the signed copy without making any change in the terms, that they could change the carrier or any other condition. It was decided in the purchase order that it will be F. O. B. Cincinnati, so the title passed on to the bank when the goods were loaded in the truck. Once the machines where loaded in the truck, the title passed to them and they will own the machines. So, when the truck gets involved in an accident, and all the machines are damaged, the loss needs to be borne by the bank, since they owned the machines. Another mistake which was made by the Great Western Bank was that they paid the invoice before the goods were received. Just to save some money by getting 2% discount for paying early, they took a big risk. They did not even read the invoice carefully because it said the shipping details, which were the changed shipping details. But since they assumed that Data Max will ship through Yellow Freight, they ignored shipping details. After the loss, when the bank contacted Data Max, Data Max told the bank that they changed the shipping carrier, but they saved the Bank some money. But in my opinion that is not a valid reason. Data Max never wanted discount or wanted to negotiate on the order amount. It was Data Max who first sent the invoice to the Bank and offered them 2% discount. The bank paid the invoice thinking it is 2% discount for paying early and not because of changed shipping carrier. The primary objectives of the buyer (Great Western Bank) are to get a refund for the loss. Right now the bank has paid for the machines and will never get to use it since they are all damaged. So it is important for the bank to get refund for the money which they paid. Filing a claim is also required by the bank to get back the money or the machines. Data Max knows that they are wrong but still they are not ready to accept that they are at a fault. They still want Great Western Bank to file a claim with the truck line. IV. ALTERNATIVES: As a staff analyst, I think that there are many alternatives present which can save the Bank from a huge loss. Actually in this dispute I feel that Bank is right because they made it clear in the purchase order that the machines needs to be shipped through Yellow Freight and also paid the invoice before time as per their custom. But still the carrier was changed by Data Max without asking or informing the bank. In my opinion, the alternatives which the bank can pursue include, firstly, filing a claim with the truck line and requesting them to compensate for the loss. This is because, it was the truck which had an accident and that damaged the machines. Second, Great Western Bank can sue Data Max and change the F. O. B. point to F. O. B. destination from the next time. It will help them in a long run because it is safe for buyers to use F. O. B. destination and Great Western Bank should avoid paying for the goods or services which have not been received or delivered. They should always pay for the goods and services after they have been delivered. This will help them to save the money which they will spend to file claims later on. Third, Great Western Bank should communicate with Data Max and ask them if they could at least help them to file a claim with the truck line which Data Max used to ship orders. Data Max used that truck line to ship orders because probably they have a pact or some business relations. So, Great Western Bank can get into a deal with Data Max that if Data Max Corporation helps the bank to file a claim against the truck line and get a refund then Great Western Bank can commit to Data Max that they will always place an order with Data Max for all the machines. Fourth alternative which is possible is that Great Western Bank can change some of their policies while dealing/ordering with other companies. Great Western Bank should decide on making change on the purchase order terms and conditions which save them from having a loss. In respect to this case, Great western Bank should change terms of purchase order to F. O. B. destination and should pay for good after receiving it. Now what Great western bank can do is to still place an order with Data Max for additional 12 machines, but this time with new terms and conditions. Also, Great western Bank should talk to the management of Data Max and tell them to give significant amount of discount on the additional 12 machines, so that Great Western Bank is compensated for the loss in some way. By doing this Great Western Bank will get some discount on this order as well as on other orders to come and will maintain and strengthen business relationship with Data Max. V. RECOMMENDATIONS/ SOLUTIONS: The situation which is present at the moment between the Great Western Bank and the Data Max Corporation is actually avoidable. If proper changes are made to the terms and conditions of the order by the buyer or the seller if the invoice is carefully read, then problems like these will not occur. The buyer (Great Western Bank) did not handle the situation correctly because when they received the invoice from Data Max, they should have not paid it till the goods were received. They should not have thought of saving 2 % by paying early. It is very important to understand that goods are services should always be paid for after they have been delivered. In the purchase order, Great Western Bank should have added more terms and conditions and should have made it clear that they will accept the machinery only if it will be shipped via their designated carrier. Also, in the purchase order they should have changed F. O. B. origin to F. O. B. destination. In my consideration, the solution/ recommendation what I can suggest is that from future, Great Western Bank should make proper changes to the terms and conditions to the purchase order. Also, it should change F. O. B. origin to F. O. B. destination. It will help them because they will pay for the goods after they receive it. In F. O. B. estination, the goods in transit will be owned by the seller and claims (if any) will also be filed by the seller. So, Great Western Bank will play safe. Presently, for the loss of $114,000 ($9,50012 machines) which happened due to the truck accident, Great Western Bank should talk to Data Max and try to negotiate with them and make Data Max realize tha t actually it was their mistake. Great Western Bank should talk to management of Data Max and tell them how important it is for Great Western Bank to receive the accounting machines and should try to assure them that in future the bank will give all the order for machines to Data Max. Then Great Western Bank should order 12 additional machines based on their new terms and conditions relating to shipping, F. O. B. destination and request Data Max to consider and offer discount on this new order so that the bank is compensated in some or the other way for the last damaged order. This will help bank to recover their damage over a course of time and also strengthen their relationship with Data Max.

Free Essays on Supercar Challenge

Every year there is a â€Å"Supercar Challenge† held at the International Speedway in Michigan, Ohio. This year the competition contained a total of 15 cars and was held in September of 2004. They held two classifications of cars (Open and Sedan). The top performers in the Open class were the 2004 Lingenfelter Corvette 427 Twin Turbo and the 2004 Hennessey Venom Viper Twin Turbo SRT-10. The â€Å"Supercar Challenge† started in September of 2001, when they ran six powerful, highly modified cars through the two-day event. Invitations were given to a group of expensive, super-strong cars, The average price is more than $130,000. The course was a 2 mile banked oval with an infield road course. Each entry was allowed five runs through a modified course. Each run included a standing-start blast to 60 mph, elapsed time and speed over a quarter-mile, road course time, and overall time. The Lingenfelter Corvette took second place overall while the Venom Viper took first place overall. The challenge had the Open and Sedan classification of cars. The Lingenfelter Corvette and the Venom Viper were the first and second place winners for the open class. A sedan is a car with a back-seat space of 36 or more cubic feet, and an open car is pretty much anything else. The Venom Viper is a 2-passenger, 2-door roadster while the Lingenfelter is a 2-passenger, 2-door coupe. The cars in the challenge are modified from standard stock cars that most people drive on the roads every day. These two cars have very powerful twin turbo 800 horsepower (hp) engines. Most stock cars have an average of 150-250 hp. The Venom Viper has a big V-10 engine, which has been bored and stroked from 8285 to 8550cc and pressurized to 10.0 psi with twin Garrett ball-bearing turbos. The Lingenfelter Corvette’s 800 hp engine has 830 pound-feet of torque from a twin-turbo charged 428-cubic-inch V-8. So, as you can see, these cars are extremely fast. They also have twin turbo... Free Essays on Supercar Challenge Free Essays on Supercar Challenge Every year there is a â€Å"Supercar Challenge† held at the International Speedway in Michigan, Ohio. This year the competition contained a total of 15 cars and was held in September of 2004. They held two classifications of cars (Open and Sedan). The top performers in the Open class were the 2004 Lingenfelter Corvette 427 Twin Turbo and the 2004 Hennessey Venom Viper Twin Turbo SRT-10. The â€Å"Supercar Challenge† started in September of 2001, when they ran six powerful, highly modified cars through the two-day event. Invitations were given to a group of expensive, super-strong cars, The average price is more than $130,000. The course was a 2 mile banked oval with an infield road course. Each entry was allowed five runs through a modified course. Each run included a standing-start blast to 60 mph, elapsed time and speed over a quarter-mile, road course time, and overall time. The Lingenfelter Corvette took second place overall while the Venom Viper took first place overall. The challenge had the Open and Sedan classification of cars. The Lingenfelter Corvette and the Venom Viper were the first and second place winners for the open class. A sedan is a car with a back-seat space of 36 or more cubic feet, and an open car is pretty much anything else. The Venom Viper is a 2-passenger, 2-door roadster while the Lingenfelter is a 2-passenger, 2-door coupe. The cars in the challenge are modified from standard stock cars that most people drive on the roads every day. These two cars have very powerful twin turbo 800 horsepower (hp) engines. Most stock cars have an average of 150-250 hp. The Venom Viper has a big V-10 engine, which has been bored and stroked from 8285 to 8550cc and pressurized to 10.0 psi with twin Garrett ball-bearing turbos. The Lingenfelter Corvette’s 800 hp engine has 830 pound-feet of torque from a twin-turbo charged 428-cubic-inch V-8. So, as you can see, these cars are extremely fast. They also have twin turbo...

Managed Care Overview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managed Care Overview - Assignment Example The members can change the providers by filling the form and submitting it to the HMO. IPA, on the contrary, provides assistance to HMO by way to legally contracting with physicians to provide their services to its members. PPO provides a network of physicians that is accessible to the HMOs or IPAs to connect with and charge a fee for it. POS is an upgraded plan that has elements of each of HMO, IPA and PPO. However, it is flexible as the members are allowed to use the services or move to another choice of service. PFFS is a combination of managed care and health insurance. They include a large number of physicians and hospitals and they are all paid for their services. The member however, has to choose the plan they want depending upon their needs and budget. HMO is more traditional and has set rules as it is based on Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973. IPA and PPO both work as network providers to HMO members. POS and PFFS both are flexible plans in terms of budget plans to its members. The managed indemnity plan also now includes managed care in the shape of certifications to the admissions in non-emergency situations as well as utilization reviews. The patient can take a second opinion in case of doubt by informing the provider and making a formal request for it if it is included in the grievance policy (‘USAMCO’, 2013). The insurance card requires particulars of the applicant, any licenses or previous attachment with any provider, health related certifications and identity proofs through mail. In case a provider wants to quit the service of providing access to managed care to the members, it can under the HMO Act, 1973 file the related form and request for closing the provision of service (‘FAQ’, 2013). In PFFS, the providers make payment to physicians once the service has been provided. A formal letter detailing the problem that provider is not accepting the guidelines or

Contract and Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract and Procurement - Essay Example On a counter view of the project, the evidence stated should be indicated and given in the section as this would help in validating the information given. Moreover, for a project to be successful all the internal project documents should be well document and the information in those documents used otherwise the project will not be successful (Ramakrishna 2010). Amber color should have been used to indicate that there are significant issues which need the management’s attention despite a successful delivery. 2. Summary of report recommendations The recommendations given by the review time are worth while as they provide a clear explanation of the situation in the entity. The recommendation time frame could either be Recommended, Critical and Essential. The review uses the â€Å"Recommended† time frame. â€Å"Recommended† means that the recommendations given should be beneficial to the project and should be linked to the project milestones, and this should be befor e the contract is signed. On a critical point view, the recommendations given by should be based on the three time frames given the other two are based on the successful outcome of the project depending on how fast action is taken a situation which affects the project. 3. Background and business case The background of the project is clearly stated with the project name and the programme. The problems facing the stated projects are also indicated which explains why the stated project are in need of improvements. The cost estimates for the improvements, the procurement delivery status including the start and expiry date, current position in regard to the OGC Gateway Review and conduct of the OGC Gateway Review have been well stated in connection to the business case (Marks 2012). Enough has been provided about the background of the project, that is, the background is explicit. However, including the current position in regard to the OGC Gateway Review without sufficient information ab out the past reviews is absurd. The reviewer should have obtained all information from the previous four Gateway Reviews before embarking on writing his or her review. The previous review would help the reviewer to fully understand all the problems facing the project and the improvements which have been done on the projects. 4. Findings and recommendations The findings for the project have been given explicitly with all parameters well stated. All the strengths and weaknesses of the project including lack of proper documentation and sufficient commitment to staff training and knowledge of training delivery amongst the main project teams have been elaborated. Validity of the project in connection to the business case has also been elaborated. The reviewer has done excellent in the elaboration of the findings of the project. The reviewer has gone further ahead to give the plans for the ongoing improvements in performance and innovation which include the continuous improvement and plan ning and performance measures. The reviewer has also gone a head to provide the organizations learning and maturity targets and its readiness for the future or the plans for any service provision in the future. However, the

Meaning And Definition Of Business Process Reengineering Information Technology Essay

Meaning And Definition Of Business Process Reengineering Information Technology Essay The main of preparing and presenting this report is to understand about the concept what business process engineering is, and how it benefited the companies in reduction on process time and costs. Another objective is to evaluate how business process reengineering enhances the capabilities and working capacities of companies. This Research will also involve the Research of those factors that companies use to develop business process reengineering a more profitable one. Meaning and definition of Business Process Reengineering-BPR: In business processes reengineering all the outdated processes of the business are redesigned along with the connected systems and entitys structures with an aim to reach at a remarkable performance level along with business improvements. The corporate basis for creating these changes possibly will comprise deprived performance in terms of competition, financial aspects and reduction of market share of emerging market opportunities. Business process reengineering just not mean to introduction of new technology, automation, reorganization, and downsizing of business process etc but also involve change assessment various business components such as culture, entity, technology, processes and strategies. According to M. Hammer (2003) in his book reengineering corporation defines BPR as: Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to bring about dramatic improvements in performance. Whereas, according to Davenport and short (1990), business process reengineering is Analysis and design of workflows and processes within and between entities And according to Teng et al. (1994), business process reengineering is: Critical analysis and radical redesign of existing business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in performance measures. M. Hammer (2003), spotlight is on radical and fundamental of business process reengineering. Similarly according to him another process improvement technique is Continuous process Improvement (CPI), that mainly gives importance to measurable and small type of modifications in an entitys existing systems and processes. Continuous process improvement includes its foundations in following six sigma and total quality management (TQM) solutions similar to those of Motorola Inc. VARIOUS MYTHS OF BPR: The most accepted management theory has produced supplementary myths than realistic tactics of business process reengineering. Business process reengineering-BPR is in the industry from 1990s, but still BPR is generally get the wrong idea and always associated with ABC, quality, client/server computing, downsizing, and numerous other management change processes in the past decades. On the basis of having conversations through interviews with higher than 20 companies, and 35 reengineering initiatives, etc Davenport Studded (1990) identify seven reengineering myths: Reengineering novelty myth: in spite of having familiar concept reengineering, but is now merged with the latest concepts and brings a synthesis in business. However these combinations of components were not seen ever before. Clean slate myth: Clean slate change is hardly ever found in reality, despite of Davenport and Stoddards (1994) black sheet of paper and M. hammers (1990) catchphrase Dont automate, obliterate!. These phrases were used in design more often than not needs a blank check for execution is completed over some phased projects. Furthermore, it is assisted by groundwork conclusions of Jarvenpaa and Stoddard (1995) that gone opposing to Michael Hammer (1990). According to Michael Hammer reengineering be capable of bringing radical besides, a innovative process of change that may not be viable under specified cost and risks of those innovative processes Information systems Leadership myth: with contrary to greatly hyped leadership role, Information system is usually seen as a co-worker inside a cross-functional group i.e. commonly leaded by a non information system plan leader and a non information system business supporter that got good command over various processes which are to be redesigned. Top-Down Design myth: project implementation and putting it to start the newly redesigned processes extremely depend on working partners. Therefore, involvement of members and further critically approval and possession, the lowland roots stage is crucial for thriving business process reengineering-BPR. Reengineering VS transformation: According to Adams (1984), Entitys transformation system or process is defined as, Profound, fundamental changes in thought and action, which create an irreversible discontinuity in experience of a system whereas, business process reengineering is a process of contributing to entitys transformation system. But any how BPR not means the same as transformation. Engineerings Permanence myth: according to the researchers Davenport and Stoddard (1994), they hypothesize that reengineering has gone high in United States during1994 and may possibly turn into integrated process with greatly broader entitys experience such as another combination of thoughts that comprise awareness of reengineering. Relationship between companies and its customers and importance of business process engineering: The relationship between a company and its customers is not limited to just the buying and selling of a product or service. It has gained new dimensions and expanded from the buying and selling of products and services to a whole range of business practices form customer service, consulting and pricing to production and distribution. Customers have become increasingly selective due to the availability of a wide range of products and services. These changes in the market place have forced companies to rethink about their business processes. Business process reengineering (BPR) makes companies more customers focused and responsive to changes in the market place. These results are achieved by reshaping the corporate structure around the business processes. Business process reengineering (BPR) achieves this transformation, not by automation of the business processes, but by rethinking the companys tasks in a holistic and process oriented manner. Figure: Business as a system Money People Facilities Material Information Information Workflow Output Input Raw materials, Operations, Finished goods, Components, Processes Services Source: Vinod Kumar Garg and N.K Venkitakrishnan, (2002), Enterprise resource planning: concepts and practice, prentice hall, p.28 Business process reengineering and information technology: The increasing use of information technology in businesses has compelled organizations to go for business process reengineering because the implementation of information technology necessitates significant changes in business processes. These changes allow organizations to take full advantage of the benefits offered by information technology. The relationship between business process reengineering (BPR) and information technology cannot be underestimated. For instance, Wal-Mart would not have been able to reengineer its processes for procurement and distribution of its mass-market retail goods without information technology. Michael Hammer (1990), think information technology as main support to business process reengineering-BPR that he thinks as radical change. According to Hammer (1990) the use of Information technology to face hypothesis inborn in project processes which have been present ever since earlier than arrival of present supercomputers and telecommunications technology. Michael hammer also criticize that at the central processing unit of reengineering is idea of Discontinuous thinking or recognizing and breaking away from outdated rules and fundamental assumptions underlying operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ se rules of work design are based on assumptions about technology, people, and entitys goals that no longer hold, Michael Hammer (1990) Michael Hammer (1990) recommended the following reengineering principles. They are: Organization may not be around tasks but it should be around outcomes Those should involve in implementation process who actually rely on the perform output of the process Consider processing of information task addicted to actual tasks which responsible for information production Take care of geographically detached resources as despite the fact that they will be centralized as they are Connect the activities that are parallel rather than integrating their outcomes Keep judgment point at actual place of work, and create control up on the process; and Gather and collect information once and at the starting place. BPR Implementation methodology: The various stages that a typical BPR implementation program goes through are: Identify the needs for the BPR package: The first stage involves the identification of the needs to be satisfied by adopting the BPR package. Once these needs are identified, organizations can evaluate how ERP implementation can help satisfy these needs. Transforming the labor and machinery based productivity into knowledge and information based productivity can be the examples of the needs that a BPR can satisfy. Evaluating the as-is situation of the business: The next stage involves the identification of various processes involved in the working of the organization. Then, the detailed processes in business activities should be listed. Process mapping can be helpful in detailing the processes. It provides information about the time taken to complete a process, the number of decision points, the number of reporting points and flow of information, etc. Decisions about the desired would-Be situations for the business: once the structure of the current processes is identified, the next stage involves the identification of the desired attributes for each of the processes. Performance standards are set for each process by using benchmarking techniques. Benchmarking ensures that the desired organizational attributes are comparable with the best business practices in the industry. Reengineering of business processes to achieve the desired results: in order to achieve these desired standards in business processes, organizations need to reengineer their current processes. The objectives of business process reengineering including reducing the process cycle time, reducing the number of decision points, optimizing the information flow between different functions and departments, etc. CASE STUDY: A Study on business process reengineering by Prosci The following are the details of a study conducted by Prosci on BPR: The areas of chosen for conducting the research? What should be reengineered, what is going to be reengineered and why? Which alternative advancements/approaches are working? Vital do and dont activities Choosing a best team from alternatives Necessities required for approval of a project PARTICIPANTS OF RESEARCH What processes are targets for Reengineering? Client service was the major commonly reengineered process during the 1997 and 1999, except by fewer of a percentage. Services related to computers and telecommunication almost two times in rate, stirring it from 5th to 2nd mainly embattled business taken for processes reengineering. Are business process reengineering-BPR projects successful? Research members confirm to a large extent in general projected improvements as of their business process reengineering-BPR projects in 1997 or 1999 and now in 2002. More than 50% i.e. (54%) of members likely improvements of over 30% achieved. Furthermore to the anticipated greater improvements, Research members also got success in their projects after implementation of BPR. With reference to the study, 113 Research members are accomplished to compare project in opposition to preliminary set objectives. More than 73% meet up or go beyond their goals, among them almost i.e. 47% approximately of Research members got their project inside 10 percent. Why are certain teams successful? According to the Members of research there were various factors that are responsible for success of their team. Among those the above 3 factors are given below: Dedication and strong commitment towards completion of the project with 100% success Maximum support from top level management and conversion of support into actions Everyone shared a common and clear vision towards the goals and objectives. The team got a single understanding and focus point for success of the project. What did Top management do to encourage project success? Showing outcomes from report of the year 1999, those teams got heavy success which was highly supported by top management. The projects were greatly possible to end with the over and above the organizations success expectations. The failure companies senior managers failed to give sufficient visible involvement in their organizational reengineering project. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ not staying involved enough after the initial phase, assuming that everyone in the entity understood their vision and strategy. An irresistible greater part of the teams had support to their teams from the senior and sponsor managers or executives in the project implementation and the majority rated that the involvement of their seniors use as excellent. What were the problems faced while implementing BPR? Poorly defined business process Rushed deadlines Many complex tasks Only one major milestone Silence from the upper management The wrong team members Unmotivated teams Communication breakdown BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: To gain competitive advantage, organizations should understand the scope of a particular market and identify the various inherent differences between various markets. They need to understand what is required to become qualifiers and order-winners. Qualifiers are the most basic attributes that an organization must possess before any customers will decide to deal with them. For instance, ISO standards have become on e of the key qualifiers for any organization with global markets. Qualifiers provide the initial impetus to customers to deal with an organization but, in order to close a deal, organizations must have order-winners. The order-winners could be price advantage, quality, etc. BPR enables the organizations to optimize and organize different qualifiers and order-winners by redesigning the complete processes so as to gain competitive advantage in the market. Some of the order-winners and qualifiers, which apply to most companies, are discussed below: Price: As price is one of the key order-winners in most markets, the BPR package can help identify the cost centers and assist in redesigning processes to reduce production costs. Setting up tough cost targets and putting in place a rigorous monitoring system can help a company become cost-efficient. Therefore, BPR implementation should focus on the areas in which significant costs are involved so that appropriate resource allocations can be made and management attention can be focused on them. When a company uses price reduction as an order-winner, it should also change its corporate strategy accordingly. It needs to assess changes in lead-times, investment implications and cost-reduction potential in several areas. Without assessing these factors, the changes in the strategy will be inappropriate. Delivery reliability and speed: Delivery reliability has also become one of the criteria on which customers judge an organizations competitiveness. BPR can make more efficient the procurement and distribution activities and reduce the process lead time involved in purchasing the raw materials and distribution of finished products. BPR helps to reduce the time in coordinating activities among all the entities of the supply chain through the smooth flow of information between them. With the help of BPR, the lead time required to process an order is reduced significantly. The need to provide information to customers and suppliers has forced BPR vendors to implement their applications with e-commerce also. Quality: The concept of quality no longer denotes just a state of being free from defects. Today, quality encapsulates many dimensions like performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability and aesthetics. BPR by its redesigning capabilities can bridge the gap between the existing process and the implementation of the best process can help an organization achieve its quality objectives. Product range: In todays competitive world, organizations need to provide products in different shapes and sizes that satisfy the requirements of the different segments of the markets. They need a variety of products in their product line. But as the product range increase, the cost and time of production increases due to the modification of production process to accommodate the changes required for each product range. BPR, through reducing the process defects and be making the old labor and machinery system to knowledge and information systems, help in integrating the functionalities and a common database, enhances the capabilities that assists organizations in this direction. KEY GUIDE LINES TO BE FOLLOWED: Important guidelines that an organization must follow in Business Process Reengineering to make it more efficient and profitable: Business process reengineering is different from other IT systems/models in that its implementation is not restricted to a single functional domain. In order to take full advantage of the profitable benefits of the BPR package, organizations may/need to follow the guidelines given below: Define corporate needs and culture: In order to implement a BPR system successfully, a complete overhaul of the business organization is needed. Organizations should assess their readiness for change and the possibility of the implementing change in the organization. The level of difficulty in bringing about change depends on the amount of change involved. Project leaders should assess the level of difficulty they are likely to face. The top management should provide complete support for the implementation of the BPR package. Implementing a BPR package may also involves the redefinition of the roles of different functional departments, and the authority and responsibility of individuals throughout the organization. Complete business process change: The organization should be aware of the required changes in business process and skills and attitudes for BPR implementation. It may have the willingness to adopt changes but may not be able to assess the implications of the changes. Therefore, the organization should undergo a brief business process redesigns exercise before the actual implementation. The redesigning exercise should be carried out on the basis of the structure of the BPR package, so that there is no mismatch between the required functionalities and the functionalities provided by the BPR package. Communicate across the organization: Communication allows different entities involved or affected by BPR implementation to be aware of its effects on their jobs. Proper communication optimizes the implementation process, as the employees are aware of what is required of them. Besides, feedback provides the management with information needed to allay the concerns of the employees. Communication should not overstate or understate the functionalities of the new system. Overstating the functionalities would raise employees expectations unrealistically, while understating them may leave employees unprepared for the changes required for BPR implementation. Provide strong leadership: Strong leadership is an important success factor in implementing a BPR package. The difference between and informal support and active leadership can be the difference between the success and the failure. Therefore, the members of the steering committee members should be able to understand the business redesign and integration. Though these may be complicated processes, the right modeling tools can help them make simpler to follow. The steering team should be trained in process mapping and reengineering methodology and it should be fully involved in the process redesign so that it can guide the team members (implementation team) properly. Select a balanced team: The size and complexity of BPR implementation and maintenance necessitates a balanced team of professionals. In general, the BPR implementation team consists of personnel from IT, finance, marketing, sales and production. Most companies hire external BPR consultants who provide information about the operational aspects of the new BPR system and assist the internal team. Select a good method of implementation: As the implementation of a BPR package involves the participation of all the departments, a proper sequence of steps should be identified to define the implementation process. Project leader should set the milestones to be achieved in the various phases of the implementation and review progress continuously against the milestones. They should define clearly the scope of the project and develop the work breakdown structure (WBS), and estimate the time required to complete each activity identified in the WBS. This will help them reach a realistic project plan. They need to ensure that there is no compromise with the quality of the new process/system. Organization-wide training: BPR is a complex and organization wide system that requires some amount of training so that full advantage of the capabilities of the new process can be taken. The steering team should be trained in process analysis and redesign. The staff in the information technology department should be made aware of the package architecture, design and configuration. Functional managers should learn how the new process performs and how it can be useful in the decision-making process. The training varies across the different levels, and is based on the requirements of the persons using the new system or process. CONCLUSIONS: The term Business process reengineering-BPR, has an imperfect records in the past. But became popular in 1990s beginning, conversely, tactics and advancements was not completely be aware or nor valued. A lot of time, upgrading projects tagged with the name Business Process Reengineering-BPR be inadequately designed and implemented. Organizations and their employees get embarrassed at consideration of an additional Business process reengineering-BPR familiarity. The concept BPR is less utilized, and modified lot of times from the actual business process reengineering-BPR that was earlier exists. An organization operating in a competitive environment needs to have competitive advantage over others to attract and retain business. This can happen when different organizational functions develop strategies that complement the corporate strategy. An organizations competitive advantage can be defined by service quality, responsiveness and ability to satisfy customers needs and wants. In spite of this mistreatment of put into practice and imperfect name, applications of business process redesigning, connected technology and entitys structure is further accepted these days than past. Organizations go on with to reconsider and basically transform system they conduct operations. Cutthroat competitive force and a slow-moving market offer efficient techniques for entities motivated to work as efficiently and professionally as feasible.